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Only spells that have the word target in them count as targeting something.

The summoning of a creature does not count as targeting that creature.

Basically how this happens.

Opponent goes to draw.
Both {Notion thief}s see the draw.
They both try to replace the action.
When one replaces the action you are now drawing the card and the second does not have an action to replace.

Emblems are not permanents and are in the command zone.  As such you can not interact with them.

113.5. An emblem is neither a card nor a permanent. Emblem isn't a card type.
113.4. Abilities of emblems function in the command zone.

All Emblems do stack.  Although many of them supply redundant abilities.  One of the most significant of this is the {liliana of the dark realms} emblem.

A swamp would get two instances of {T}:{B}{B}{B}{B}, but you can only use of them per cost, which is tapping the land.

205.1a Some effects set an object's card type. In such cases, the new card type(s) replaces any existing card types. Counters, effects, and damage marked on the object remain with it, even if they are meaningless to the new card type. Similarly, when an effect sets one or more of an object's subtypes, the new subtype(s) replaces any existing subtypes from the appropriate set (creature types, land types, artifact types, enchantment types, planeswalker types, or spell types). If an object's card type is removed, the subtypes correlated with that card type will remain if they are also the subtypes of a card type the object currently has; otherwise, they are also removed for the entire time the object's card type is removed. Removing an object's subtype doesn't affect its card types at all.

For the relevant ruling.

if it said he lost hexproof it would be different.  It says he has hexproof unless it is attacking or blocking.  While at the core it does mean the same thing, it is a vital wording difference.

So this is an interesting question but can be answered.

{Tromokratis} now basically has 2 instances of hexproof, although they are redundant they are still there.
So his text looks like:
Tromokratis has hexproof unless it's attacking or blocking.
hexproof
Tromokratis can't be blocked unless all creatures defending player controls block it. (If any creature that player controls doesn't block this creature, it can't be blocked.)

When he attacks/blocks his own hexproof deactives, but his other will remain active.  He will still have hexproof while attacking/blocking.

You can not bestow him.  He is a straight up non-creature spell when you cast him when you cast as bestow.

You have it correct. The Ability does only check for activation not for resolution.

7/1/2013   It's possible to activate the first activated ability of Haunted Plate Mail in response to activating the first ability of another Haunted Plate Mail and have them both become creatures until end of turn.

The official rules from : http://www.wizards.com/ContentResources/Wizards/WPN/Main/Documents/Magic_The_Gathering_Tournament_Rules_PDF2.pdf

7.2 Sideboard Use

..Players may request additional basic land cards for their sideboard..

Players participating in Limited tournaments that do not use decklists may freely change the composition of their
decks between matches by exchanging cards from their deck for cards in their sideboard without being required to
return their deck to its original composition before their next match...

7.3 Card Use in Limited Tournaments

Players may add an unlimited number of basic land cards to their decks during deck construction.

So if you are playing at regular REL, FNM, and it is a limited tournament that is not using a deck list, which are not required at regular but may be enforced at your LGS, you can have a different deck after every game and match.

Right, but I believe he is talking about {Scion of the Ur-Dragon}. In that case the commander itself copies another creature and retains the commander property.

My reading comprehension seems to have degraded recently, you are correct, I thought it was a commander deck with Scion in it, not as the commander.  Sorry about that.  The rulings that I linked help, but not for this situation.

The copy will not actually be dealing commander damage. 

The commander trait itself is not a copiable charateristic and as such it will not count towards the commander damage.

Taken from the commander rules website. http://mtgcommander.net/rules.php

9. Being a Commander is not a characteristic[MTG CR109.3], it is a property of the card. As such, "Commander-ness" cannot be copied or overwritten by continuous effects, and does not change with control of the card.
Examples: A Body Double copying a Commander in a graveyard is not a Commander. A Commander which is affected by Cytoshape, or is face down, is still a Commander.

He asked if he can wait for his opponents response before sacing lions eye.  I stand by answer when I said if he passes priority he is taking a chance of losing te chance to sac lions eye.  The only way he can sac lions eye after he passes priority is if his opponent makes another move that he can respond to....otherwise his opponent passes priority and the spell resolves without him being able to sac the lions eye.  <insert emoji gavel>

Ah ya, so we did both say the same thing just worded differently.  Sorry the initial "sure" is what threw me off there.

Actually you would not be able to get knowledge of if he is going to counter before you activate lion's eye diamond. Unless you cast the tutor at instant speed on another players turn.

If you cast it on your turn, you get priority right after you cast it, you pass to your opponent, they say I don't add anything to the stack. Both players have passed priority without adding anything top spell on the stack resolves.

116.3b: The active player receives priority after a spell or ability (other than a mana ability) resolves.

116.4.: If all players pass in succession (that is, if all players pass without taking any actions in between passing), the spell or ability on top of the stack resolves or, if the stack is empty, the phase or step ends.

The ability would trigger, mtg has a simultaneous ruling that states if things happen at the same time they all see it happen.

I can't find the exact ruling right now but here is the ruling from {xathrid necromancer} that has a good example of this.

7/1/2013    If Xathrid Necromancer dies at the same time as another Human creature you control, its ability will trigger twice.

The key that finally got it into my head was, if a card says you may play a card from somewhere, you essentially have the card in your hand and all the normal rules from playing from your hand apply.